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Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. To bypass just alias, use \test or any other kind of expansion.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) (Fixed incorrect admin edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)

Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. 
To bypass just alias, use \test or any other kind of expansion.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) 
(Fixed incorrect admin edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)

Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. To bypass just alias, use \test or any other form of quoting.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) (Fixed incorrect edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)

Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. To bypass just alias, use \test or any other kind of expansion.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) (Fixed incorrect admin edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)

Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. To bypass just alias, use \test or any other substitution.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) (Fixed incorrect edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)

Highest priority is bash alias, then special builtins (only in POSIX mode), then functions, then builtins, then a search in $PATH.

To execute a builtin, use builtin test.
To execute an external application, use an explicit path: /bin/test.
To ignore functions and aliases, use command test. To bypass just alias, use \test or any other form of quoting.

It's possible to disable/enable a builtin with enable test.

(Updated according to comments below) (Fixed incorrect edit that bash has disable builtin - in fact, there is only enable)