How Robots Develop Autonomous Decision-Making

As we transition from traditional task-based automation to 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗔𝗜 𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀, understanding 𝘩𝘰𝘸 an agent cognitively processes its environment is no longer optional — it's strategic. This diagram distills the mental model that underpins every intelligent agent architecture — from LangGraph and CrewAI to RAG-based systems and autonomous multi-agent orchestration. The Workflow at a Glance 1. 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 – The agent observes its environment using sensors or inputs (text, APIs, context, tools). 2. 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 (𝗥𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲) – It processes observations via a core LLM, enhanced with memory, planning, and retrieval components. 3. 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 – It executes a task, invokes a tool, or responds — influencing the environment. 4. 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 (Implicit or Explicit) – Feedback is integrated to improve future decisions.     This feedback loop mirrors principles from: • The 𝗢𝗢𝗗𝗔 𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗽 (Observe–Orient–Decide–Act) • 𝗖𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 used in robotics and AI • 𝗚𝗼𝗮𝗹-𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 in agent frameworks Most AI applications today are still “reactive.” But agentic AI — autonomous systems that operate continuously and adaptively — requires: • A 𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗽 for decision-making • Persistent 𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆 and contextual awareness • Tool-use and reasoning across multiple steps • 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 for dynamic goal completion • The ability to 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻 from experience and feedback    This model helps developers, researchers, and architects 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 — and where things tend to break. Whether you’re building agentic workflows, orchestrating LLM-powered systems, or designing AI-native applications — I hope this framework adds value to your thinking. Let’s elevate the conversation around how AI systems 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘰𝘯. Curious to hear how you're modeling cognition in your systems.

𝗥𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘅𝘁 𝗘𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 Reinforcement Learning has become the intelligence engine behind the next generation of autonomous machines. It allows robots to learn through experience, adapt to complex environments, and make decisions in real time. Researchers across the world are pushing this field forward, and the progress made between 2023 and 2025 has transformed what we thought robots could do. Modern systems now learn from high-dimensional sensory data like vision, tactile signals, and proprioception. They no longer rely on brittle rules or hand-designed controllers. Instead, they build internal models of the world and use them to plan, predict, and act with remarkable precision. Transformative breakthroughs like Dreamer world models, transformer-driven action policies, diffusion-based decision systems, and hybrid model-based control have allowed robots to move, grasp, manipulate, and navigate with a sophistication that simply didn’t exist a few years ago. Robots today learn faster, require fewer human demonstrations, and succeed in dynamic, contact-rich tasks that were once thought impossible. They can adapt their strategies on the fly when the environment changes. They can infer hidden states, anticipate future outcomes, and recover from failures with very little supervision. High-resolution tactile sensing, latent-space world models, and large-scale datasets of real robot behavior have made this evolution inevitable. Yet even with all this progress, several challenges still define the frontier. Robots must close the gap between simulation and the real world, learn to operate safely around people, build long-horizon memory, and coordinate with swarms of peers under partial observability. These problems are the heart of the next leap in autonomy. They will define which systems are capable of real mission-scale reasoning instead of short-horizon actions. The coming years will belong to hybrid systems that combine world models, foundation models, and real-time control. They will continuously update their understanding of the world as sensors age, as hardware wears, and as environments become unpredictable. They will rely on new forms of tactile intelligence, more efficient learning pipelines, and architectures that blend imagination with grounded physics. Every major advance in robotics over the past decade has moved toward one goal. Autonomy that is resilient. Autonomy that adapts. Autonomy that learns at the speed of the world itself. Singularity Systems is moving this space.

What if your smartest AI model could explain the right move, but still made the wrong one? A recent paper from Google DeepMind makes a compelling case: if we want LLMs to act as intelligent agents (not just explainers), we need to fundamentally rethink how we train them for decision-making. ➡ The challenge: LLMs underperform in interactive settings like games or real-world tasks that require exploration. The paper identifies three key failure modes: 🔹Greediness: Models exploit early rewards and stop exploring. 🔹Frequency bias: They copy the most common actions, even if they are bad. 🔹The knowing-doing gap: 87% of their rationales are correct, but only 21% of actions are optimal. ➡The proposed solution: Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning (RLFT) using the model’s own Chain-of-Thought (CoT) rationales as a basis for reward signals. Instead of fine-tuning on static expert trajectories, the model learns from interacting with environments like bandits and Tic-tac-toe. Key takeaways: 🔹RLFT improves action diversity and reduces regret in bandit environments. 🔹It significantly counters frequency bias and promotes more balanced exploration. 🔹In Tic-tac-toe, RLFT boosts win rates from 15% to 75% against a random agent and holds its own against an MCTS baseline. Link to the paper: https://lnkd.in/daK77kZ8 If you are working on LLM agents or autonomous decision-making systems, this is essential reading. #artificialintelligence #machinelearning #llms #reinforcementlearning #technology

Here's how a robot sees the world. At EarthSense, Inc., we like to share our insights on real-world autonomy with the broader community. Watch as our TerraPreta robot effortlessly guides itself down a row of corn. So how does it do it? Let's break it down. 📷 Sensors Cameras serve as our robots eyes. We place 6 cameras all around the robot, including a RealSense depth camera. These cameras are placed to enable full-field autonomy, ensuring ✅ 360-degree visibility ✅ Occlusion redundancy ✅ Stereo geometry 🧠 AI To understand what our cameras see, we must give it a brain. Watch as our neural networks detect vanishing lines and depth. With precise AI, we can build a map of the robot's surroundings. ✅ Orientation of the rows ✅ Distance to the rows ✅ Shape of the ground ⚙️ Algorithms We must convert a map of our surroundings into decisions and actions. Each motor must turn at exactly the right speed, at every millisecond. ✅ Path Planning ✅ Adapting to Sloped Ground ✅ Anomaly handling When you put all of this together, you get the precision of EarthSense, Inc.'s TerraAI solutions. Follow me for a front-row seat to what it really takes to build AI systems that work in the real world. I share lessons from the field, insights from the lab, and behind-the-scenes from our company as we scale. #AI #PrecisionAg #FieldRobotics #ComputerVision #AgTech #Autonomy

Google DeepMind’s new Gemini Robotics 1.5! The vision-language-action model helps robots perceive, plan, and execute multi-step tasks in the physical world. Paired with Gemini Robotics-ER 1.5, an embodied reasoning model, it acts like a “high-level brain”, orchestrating tasks, calling tools like Google Search, and creating step-by-step plans. Together, the two models let robots not just follow instructions but reason, explain decisions, and adapt on the fly. DeepMind reports state-of-the-art results across 15 benchmarks, with gains in spatial understanding, task planning, and long-horizon execution. A key breakthrough: skills transfer across embodiments. What a humanoid learns can now be applied to a robotic arm, without retraining. Cool to see these models being developed specifically for robotics applications!