Describe these languages over $\Sigma={a,b}$
Just making sure I understand some basic concepts... First one can be any string that is a permutation of {a,b}, second is strings of at least length 4 with at least 1 $a$ and 1 $b$ in it.
Your first answer is correct, assuming that by "any string that is a permutation of $\{a,b\}$", you mean any string in the language $\Sigma^*$.
Your second answer isn't quite right - the given regular expression puts more constraints on where the $a$ and $b$ fall in the string.
For example, the string $abab$ is not in the language.
As Alex Kruckman noted in his answer, the language $a\Sigma\Sigma^*b\Sigma\cup b\Sigma\Sigma^*a\Sigma$ is more restrictive than you suggest. Let’s take a closer look at the first ‘piece’ of it, $a\Sigma\Sigma^*b\Sigma$. Every word in this language clearly starts with an $a$. Then $\Sigma\Sigma^*$ generates any non-empty string of $a$’s and $b$’s. Then there must be a $b$ and one more character, either an $a$ or a $b$. Think about this for a bit, and you’ll see that it matches every string of at least $4$ characters in which the first character is $a$, and the next-to-last character is $b$.
Having gone through that, we can see immediately that $b\Sigma\Sigma^*a\Sigma$ generates the strings of at least $4$ characters in which the first character is $b$, and the next-to-last character is $a$.
Thus, a word $x_1x_2\dots x_n$ belongs to this language if and only if $n\ge 4$ and either $x_1=a$ and $x_{n-1}=b$, or $x_1=b$ and $x_{n-1}=a$. We can state this more elegantly:
$\qquad\quad$A word $x_1x_2\dots x_n$ belongs to this language if and only if $n\ge 4$ and $x_1\ne x_{n-1}$.
