I like the beauty of Linux Mint 18's mintupdate (a part of Mint utilities), which provides me with the latest stable kernel security updates, like today (2016-Dec-01):
Clues might be in the mintupdate's Python script located in:
/usr/lib/linuxmint/mintUpdate/mintUpdate.py However, I didn't manage to find any so far. Possibly due to the fact, I don't understand Python.
Providing, I would like to do this over terminal in a Bash script.
Disclaimer: I don't want to install the latest kernel available on Kernel.org.
I would like to install the same as mintupdate suggests.
EDIT1:
cat /etc/apt/sources.list (empty) cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* output, separated by file:
deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb apps games deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu xenial main deb http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner deb-src http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport deb-src http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner deb [arch=amd64,i386] http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ precise steam deb-src [arch=amd64,i386] http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ precise steam deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian xenial contrib 
/etc/apt/sources.listand having the correct files (if needed) in/etc/apt/sources.list.d(and apt preferences).