$ a='"apple","ball","cat"' $ a='['$a $ echo $a ["apple","ball","cat" $ a=$a']' $ echo $a b I'm stumped hard by the result b while I expect to see ["apple,"ball","cat"]. What am I missing here?
This is from bash shell on Mac. Also see it on CentOS 7, while not on Fedora. Can someone please explain?
There is a file with the name b in the current directory.
[...] is a pattern matching expression. It matches every file of which the name consists of a single letter between [ and ].
This is similar to having * in a variable value and using the variable without quotes.
echo "$a" writes the literal value of $a). Hauke already answered why it's happening. For future reference, you can also troubleshoot what is happening with strace:
$ touch a b l $ a='["apple","ball"]' $ strace -e trace=execve echo $a execve("/bin/echo", ["echo", "a", "b", "l"], [/* 82 vars */]) = 0 a b l +++ exited with 0 +++ Or with set -x:
$ set -x; echo $a + set -x + echo a b l a b l It's might not immediately be clear, but at least you see that shell has converted the unquoted variable into a list of items; from there we can deduce that filename expansion occurred.
set -xv?